Theories behind visual fatigue caused by viewing stereoscopic motion images

Visual fatigue caused by viewing stereoscopic motion images: Background, theories, and observationsKazuhiko Ukai and Peter A. Howarth

aSchool of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan

bDepartment of Human Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom

Available online 1 October 2007.

Abstract

The background, theories, and observations on visual stress possibly caused by viewing stereoscopic motion images are reviewed. Visual fatigue caused by stereoscopic images is a safety issue. Fatigue is possible caused by the discrepancy between accommodative and convergence stimuli that are included in the image. Studies on accommodation and convergence are surveyed and an explanation regarding the characteristics of these functions is offered. Studies in the literature on changes in oculomotor function after viewing stereoscopic images, including changes in pupillary responses, are discussed. Evaluation of visual fatigue, particularly in relation to different methods of viewing stereoscopic displays is described.

Article Outline

1. Introduction 2. Depth perception and the stereoscopic image 3. Instruments for viewing stereoscopic image 4. Evaluation of visual fatigue 5. Accommodation and convergence discrepancy 6. Visual fatigue and changes in oculomotor balance 7. Changes in pupillary responses 8. Conclusion and future work Acknowledgements References

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